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2 Definition of Brownfield and Brownfield Redevelopment
Brownfield is a coinage from “greenfield” and its semantic counterpart (De Sousa, 2000). Greenfield is formerly undeveloped area (Greenberg et al., 2001). The differences between greenfield and brownfield are presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Comparison between greenfield and brownfield Greenfield Brownfield Development Undeveloped Developed Land use type Farmland, woodland, wetland, etc. Ipnrodupesrtrtiiaels ,d wisatrreicht,o cusome, emtecr.cial Characteristics Green, clean and pristine pCootnetnatmialin)ated (known or Location Periphery of city Inner city Treatment before development oRpemadeyn t for devel-Ndeeveedlionpgm enttreatment before.
Agencies, institutions and scholars have defined brownfield in various ways. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defined brownfield as“abandoned, idled, or underutilized industrial and commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived contamination”(USEPA, 1997). The American Planning Association(APA) defined brownfield as “vacant or underused properties passed over for development due to actual or perceived contamination or other obstacles” (APA, 2005).Alker et al. (2000) proposed a universal definition of brownfield land as “any land or premises which has previously been used or developed and is not currently fully in use, although it may be partially occupied or utilized. It may also be vacant, derelict or contaminated. Therefore a brownfield site is not necessarily available for immediate use without intervention.” The third definition is much broader than the first two. Nevertheless, the British National Land Use Database included such kind of site that are “currently in use but subject to a local plan allocation or planning consent and currently in use but with potential for redevelopment” in the realm of brownfield (NLUD, 2000). This definition would be too broad and general to tackle in actual practice. Based on the above definitions and the Chinese urban land use status quo, brownfield should be defined as “the industrial and commercial lands, sites and facilities in urban areas, which are abandoned, idled or underused due to real or perceived environmental threats and other developing obstacles, and cannot be immediately put into use without treatment.”
Brownfield redevelopment (or brownfield regeneration, brownfield reuse) is a strategy for dealing with the aforementioned lands and redeveloping them for suitable purposes through measures to overcome barriers to brownfield reuse. After successful redevelopment, these areas may turn into residential neighborhoods, retail centers, office blocks, light industrial facilities, parks, studios, recreation areas and so on.
Brownfield是从“greenfield”和它的语义相对人(De Sousa的造币2000)。 未开发的地区以前是未开展的区域(等格林柏格， 2001)。 在未开发的地区和brownfield之间的区别在表1.被提出。 在未开发的地区和brownfield未开发的地区Brownfield发展未开展的被开发的土地利用类型农田、森林地、沼泽地、等等Ipnrodupesrtrtiiaels， d cusome wisatrreicht、的o)之间的Table 1比较ated的emtecr.cial特征绿色，干净和原始pCootnetnatmialin (城市在发展oRpemadeyn t之前的市内贫民区治疗以前已知的或地点周围devel-Ndeeveedlionpgm enttreatment的。
Agencies、机关和学者定义了brownfield以各种各样的方式。 美国扩展或再开发由真正或被察觉的contamination”的环境保护代办处(USEPA)和住房和城市发展部门(HUD)被定义的brownfield as“abandoned，虚度光阴或者被未充分利用的工业和商业设施(USEPA复杂化1997)。 美国计划协会(APA)定义了brownfield成为发展或未充分利用的物产通过的“vacant由于实际或被察觉的污秽或其他obstacles” (APA 2005)。Alker (2000)等提出了brownfield土地的一个普遍定义，当以前使用了或被开发了并且当前不是充分地在使用中的“any土地或前提，虽然也许部分地被占领或运用它。 它也许也是空置，遗弃或者沾染。 所以brownfield站点不一定是可利用的为直接使用没有第三个定义比第一二宽广的intervention.”。 然而，英国全国土地利用数据库在brownfield (NLUD领土包括这样站点是正在使用中的“，但是受地方计划分派或计划同意和正在使用中支配，但是以在redevelopment”的潜力2000)。 是太宽广和将军应付的这个定义在实际实践。 基于上述定义和中国市区用地用途现状，在市区应该定义brownfield当“the工业和商业土地、站点和设施，被放弃，闲散或未充分利用由于真正或被察觉的环境威胁和其他开发的障碍，并且不可能立刻被放入用途，不用treatment.”
Brownfield再开发(或brownfield再生， brownfield再用)是涉及上述的土地和再开发的他们一个战略适当的目的通过措施克服障碍到brownfield再用。 在成功的再开发以后，这些区域也许把变成住宅邻里，零售中心，办公大楼，光工业设施，公园，演播室，娱乐场所等等。
